Researchers at Portland State University and Georgia Institute of Technology have conducted a comprehensive comparative life-cycle assessment (LCA) and cost analysis of eight state-of-the-art recycling routes for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), highlighting pathways that could enable sustainable, large-scale deployment of this rapidly advancing photovoltaic technology. Perovskite solar cells' reliance on lead-based absorbers (e.g., PbI 2 ), solvent-intensive fabrication (DMF, DMSO, chlorobenzene), and scarce materials such as indium (in ITO) raises significant environmental and regulatory concerns at end-of-life. Without effective recycling, PSC waste streams risk lead leakage and loss of valuable materials, undermining their sustainability advantages. To address this, the researchers evaluated eight recycling approaches reported between 2021 and 2025 using an ISO 14040/44-compliant framework, normalizing environmental impacts to one square meter of PSC and applying TRACI 2.1 impact factors in a gate-to-gate analysis. Crucially, the study explicitly incorporates solvent recirculation across all functional layers - including absorber, hole-transport layer, back contact, and TCO/glass - reflecting realistic industrial conditions.