A Korean research team has developed a closed-loop 4D printing technology that enables self-actuating and recyclable structures using sulfur waste generated from petroleum refining processes. A joint research team led by Dr. Dong-Gyun Kim of the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Professor Jeong Jae Wie of Hanyang University, and Professor Yong Seok Kim of Sejong University reported the world's first 4D printing technology based on sulfur-rich polymers that respond to heat, light, and magnetic fields.
KRICT, World's First 4D Printing Technology Using Waste Sulfur Enables Self-Actuating Soft Robots
